Born in Montpellier, France, in 1766, François-Xavier Fabre studied under the prominent Neoclassical painter Jacques-Louis David. His early career was marked by his success at the Académie Royale, where he won the Prix de Rome in 1787, allowing him to further his artistic training in Italy.

Fabre is recognized for his disciplined approach to historical painting and his detailed portraiture, often reflecting the aesthetic rigor of the late 18th-century French school. His work frequently drew upon classical themes and subjects, aligning with the prevailing artistic standards of his era.

He spent a significant portion of his life in Florence, where he became a notable figure in the local art scene and a collector. His legacy is preserved through his contributions to the Musée Fabre in Montpellier, which he helped establish through the donation of his extensive art collection.