Born in Piraeus, Greece, Jannis Kounellis moved to Rome in 1956 to study at the Accademia di Belle Arti. He remained based in Italy for the duration of his career, becoming a foundational member of the Arte Povera movement, which sought to challenge traditional artistic boundaries by utilizing humble, non-traditional materials.

His practice is characterized by the juxtaposition of heavy, industrial elements like steel and iron with ephemeral or organic substances such as coffee, wool, and fire. By integrating these materials into architectural spaces, he aimed to create immersive environments that engaged with the history and physical presence of the site.

Kounellis maintained a significant international profile throughout his career, participating in numerous major exhibitions and biennials. His work continues to be studied for its influence on contemporary installation art and its rigorous exploration of the relationship between art, history, and the viewer.